Composite Design Pattern

 The Composite Design Pattern is a structural pattern that allows you to compose objects into tree-like structures to represent part-whole hierarchies. This pattern enables clients to treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly. It’s particularly useful when you need to work with tree structures where both individual objects and groups of objects should be treated the same way.

Here are some real-time use cases for the Composite Design Pattern:

1. File System Hierarchy

• Scenario: A file system has files and directories, where directories can contain other directories and files. You need to perform operations like listing, moving, or deleting both files and directories in a uniform way.
• Composite Use Case: Implement a Component interface with methods like add(), remove(), and display(). File and Directory classes implement this interface, where Directory can contain other Component instances. This allows you to perform operations on both files and directories uniformly.

2. Organization Charts

• Scenario: An organization chart consists of employees and managers, where managers can have subordinates (other managers or employees). You need to handle operations like generating reports or calculating salaries for both individuals and groups.
• Composite Use Case: Create an Employee interface with methods like getSalary() and getReport(). Implement Manager and IndividualContributor classes where Manager can contain other Employee instances. This enables hierarchical operations on both individual contributors and managers.

3. E-Commerce Product Catalog

• Scenario: An e-commerce platform needs to display products and categories, where categories can contain subcategories and products. Operations like filtering and sorting should apply to both categories and individual products.
• Composite Use Case: Define a CatalogItem interface with methods like getPrice() and getName(). Implement Product and Category classes where Category can contain other CatalogItem instances. This allows for hierarchical product catalog management.